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Ethyl diazoacetate (EDA), which is conveniently well prepared from ethyl glycinate and NaNO 2 , reacts in situ with alkynes in a drinking water micelle natural environment with out organic solvent to sort pyrazoles. The reaction is pH dependent, as in the presence of protic catalysis (H 2 SO 4
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Chemistry Tutorial
- Nature of Matter
- Unit Cell And Space Lattices
- Basic Concepts of Chemistry
- Density of Unit Cell
- Ionic bond
- Covalent bond
- Lewis Structure
- Valence Electrons
- Covalent character of ionic bond
- Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure: Bond Parameters
- Elements in chemistry
- Percentage Composition of compounds
- Empirical and Molecular Formula
- Pauli’s exclusion principle
- Aufbau Principle
- Hund’s Rule
- Electronic configuration of atoms
- Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals
- Significance of classification of elements
- History of periodic table
- Modern periodic law
- Resonance in chemistry
- Valence bond theory
- VSEPR Theory
- Atoms in chemistry
- Chemical Reactions
- Stoichiometry and Calculations Based on Stoichiometry
- Molecules in chemistry
- Laws of Chemical Combination
- Mole Concept
- Dalton’s Atomic Theory
- Importance of Chemistry
- Modern periodic table
- Polar character of covalent bond
- Periodic trends – Atomic Size
- Periodic trends – Ionic radius
- Periodic trends – Inert gas radii
- Periodic trends – Electron gain Enthalpy
- Periodic trends – Ionisation Enthalpy
- Periodic trends – Electronegativity
- Molar Mass
- Scope of Chemistry
- Periodic trends – Valency
- Discovery of Electron
- Discovery of Proton
- Shapes of s, p and d orbitals
- Thomson’s model and its limitations
- Quantum Numbers
- Hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals
- Concept of Hybridization
- Molecular orbital theory
- Matter and its States
- Discovery of Atomic Number
- Discovery of Neutron
- Rutherford’s Atomic Model
- De Broglie relationship
- Discovery of Isotopes
- Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
- Bohr’s Model and its Limitations
- Shapes of some simple molecules
- Hydrogen bonds
- Types of chemical bonding
- Boyle’s Law
- Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule
- Melting and boiling points
- Chemical Thermodynamics
- Types of systems in thermodynamics
- Surroundings in thermodynamics
- Work done in thermodynamics
- Heat in thermodynamics
- Energy in thermodynamics
- Extensive properties of thermodynamics
- Intermolecular Interactions
- Gay-Lussac’s Law
- Charles’s Law
- shells and subshells in chemistry
- Discovery of Isobar
- Concept of Orbitals
- Dual Nature of Matter and Light
- Concept of Oxidation and Reduction
- Position of Hydrogen in Periodic Table
- Occurrence of Hydrogen
- Isotopes of Hydrogen
- Heavy Water in chemistry
- Liquefaction of Gases
- Avogadro’s law
- Avagadro’s Number
- Critical temperature in thermodynamics
- Kinetic Energy and Molecular Speeds
- Deviation from ideal behavior of gases
- Ideal behavior of gases
- Intensive properties of thermodynamics
- State functions in Thermodynamics
- First law of thermodynamics
- Internal energy and Enthalpy in Thermodynamics
- Heat capacity and Specific heat in Thermodynamics
- Measurement of Internal energy change and enthalpy
- Hess’s Law of constant heat summation
- Enthalpy of bond dissociation
- Standard Enthalpy of Combustion
- Standard enthalpy of formation
- Hydrogen as a fuel
- Hydrogen Peroxide – preparation, reactions, structure, and use
- Preparation of Hydrogen
- Redox Reactions
- Oxidation Number
- Properties and Uses of Hydrogen
- Physical and Chemical Properties of Water
- Biological importance of potassium
- Biological importance of sodium
- Group I and Group II Elements
- Electronic Configuration of Group 1 and Group 2 Elements
- Biological importance of magnesium
- Occurrence of Group 1 and Group 2 Elements
- Applications of Redox Reaction
- Biological importance of calcium
- Industrial uses of Calcium Oxide
- Anomalous Properties of Hydrogen and Beryllium
- Hydrides
- Diagonal Relationship of Group 1 and group 2 Elements
- Ionization Enthalpy of Group 1 and Group 2 Elements
- Industrial uses of Calcium Carbonate
- Preparation, properties and uses of sodium chloride (NaCl)
- Preparation and Properties of sodium carbonate
- Atomic and Ionic Radii of Group 1 and Group 2 elements
- Preparation, properties and uses of sodium hydrogen carbonate
- Preparation and properties of sodium hydroxide
- Chemical Reactivity of Group 1 and Group 2 Elements with Water
- Chemical Reactivity of Group 1 and Group 2 Elements with Oxygen
- Chemical reactivity with halogens of Group 1 and Group 2 elements
- Chemical reactivity with Hydrogen of Group 1 and Group 2
- Ideal gas equation
- Viscosity: Introduction, Definition, Units, Formulas
- Surface Tension
- Vapor pressure
- Liquid state
- Standard enthalpy of Atomization
- Standard enthalpy of sublimation
- Phase transition in Thermodynamics
- Group 13 elements general introduction
- Group 14 Elements General Introduction
- Electronic Configuration of Group 14 Elements
- Electronic configuration of Group 13 elements
- Standard enthalpy of solution
- Standard enthalpy of ionization
- Standard enthalpy of dilution
- Geometry of covalent molecules
- Empirical derivation of gas equation
- Second law of thermodynamics
- Entropy a state function
- Gibb’s energy change
- Thermodynamic equilibrium
- Third law of thermodynamics
- Physical and Chemical processes in equilibrium
- Organic Chemistry – Basic Principles and Technique
- Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
- methods of purification of organic compounds
- Oxidation States of Group 14 Elements
- Variation in the Properties of Group 14 Elements
- Occurrence of Group 14 Elements
- Anomalous behavior of carbon
- Trends in Chemical Reactivity of Group 14 Elements
- Occurrence of group 13 elements
- Boron- physical and chemical properties
- Nomenclature of Alkanes
- Borax, Boric acid, boron hydrides, aluminium
- Oxidation states of Group 13 elements
- Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
- Variation of properties of Group 13 elements
- Carbon Catenation
- Introduction of Organic Compounds
- Classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds
- Dynamic nature of equilibrium
- Ozone and Its Reactions
- Air pollution
- Soil pollution
- Water Pollution
- Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100
- Effects of Ozone Layer Depletion
- Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
- Chemical reactions in the atmosphere
- Smog
- Pollution due to industrial wastes
- Law of mass action
- Equilibrium constant
- Factors affecting the equilibrium
- Le Chatelier’s principle
- Ionic equilibrium ionization of acids and bases
- Strong and weak electrolytes
- Degree of ionization
- Isomerism of alkanes
- Physical properties of alkanes
- Allotropic forms of Group 14 Elements
- Nomenclature of Alkene
- Physical and Chemical Properties of Group 14 Elements
- Uses of Compounds of Group 14 Elements
- Free radical mechanism of halogenation
- Electronic displacements in a covalent bond
- Electromeric effect
- Inductive effect
- Resonance and Hyperconjugation
- Compounds of silicon and uses
- Uses of Silicon Tetrachloride, Silicones, Silicates, and Zeolite
- Structure of Double Bond
- Geometrical Isomerism
- Major atmospheric pollutants
- Green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution
- Strategies for control of environmental pollution
- Acid Rain
- Classification of solids based on different binding forces
- Ionic Solids
- Covalent and metallic solids
- Amorphous and crystalline solids
- Ionization of a polybasic acid
- Acid strength
- Concept of pH
- Henderson Hasselbach Equation
- Hydrolysis of salts
- Buffer solution
- Solubility product
- Common ion effect
- Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices
- Calculation of density of unit cell
- Packing in solids
- Packing Efficiency
- voids in crystalline
- Number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell
- Rate of a reaction
- Factors affecting the rate of reaction – Concentration
- Factors affecting the rate of a reaction – Temperature
- Factors affecting the rate of a reaction – Catalyst
- Order and molecularity of a reaction
- Rate law and specific rate constant
- Resonance
- Aromaticity
- Physical Properties of Alkenes
- Markownikov addition and peroxide effect
- Methods of Preparation of Alkenes
- Chemical Reactions of Alkenes
- Reactions of P-Block Elements with Acids and Alkalis
- Trends in the Chemical Reactivity of P Block Elements
- Anomalous Properties of First Elements of the Groups in P Block
- Conformations of Ethane
- Carbanions
- Pyrolysis of Alkanes
- Electrophiles
- Combustion of Alkanes
- Carbocations
- Free Radicals
- Homolytic fission and Heterolytic Fission of a covalent bond
- Nucleophiles
- Benzene
- IUPAC Nomenclature
- Nomenclature of Alkynes
- Method of preparation of Alkynes
- Structure of triple bond in Alkynes
- Physical properties of Alkynes
- Addition reaction of alkynes with hydrogen, halogen, hydrogen halides and water
- Chemical Properties of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Chemical reactions of Alkynes
- Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Acidic character of alkynes
- Integrated rate equations and half-life
- Collision theory of chemical kinetics
- Activation energy in chemical kinetics
- Oxidation of Alkenes
- Aromatic hydrocarbon – sulphonation
- Mechanism of Electrophilic Addition
- Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction
- Ozonolysis
- Aromatic hydrocarbon – nitration
- Aromatic hydrocarbons – halogenation
- Friedel craft’s alkylation and acylation
- Directive influence of the various functional group in mono substituted benzene
- Carcinogenicity and toxicity of hydrocarbons
- Electrical and magnetic properties of solids
- Band Theory of Metals
- Band theory of Conductors
- Band theory of Semiconductors
- Band Theory of Insulators
- n and p type semiconductors
- Solubility of gases in liquids
- Solid solutions
- Arrhenius Equation
- Adsorption
- Chemisorption
- Factors affecting the adsorption
- Catalysis
- homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis
- Enzyme catalysis and colloidal state
- Lyophilic colloids
- Lyophobic, multimolecular and macromolecular colloids
- Properties of Colloids
- Tyndall effect
- Brownian movement
- Electrophoresis
- Coagulation
- Coagulation
- Isolation of Elements
- Aluminium Extraction
- Copper Extraction
- Relative lowering of vapour pressure
- Raoult’s law
- Elevation of boiling point
- Depression of Freezing Point
- Osmotic pressure
- Abnormal molecular mass
- Van’t Hoff factor
- Conductance in electrolytic solutions
- Specific and molar conductivity
- Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties
- Variation of Conductivity and Molar Conductivity with Concentration
- Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions
- Electrolysis and law of electrolysis
- Dry cell – electrolytic cells and galvanic cells
- Lead Accumulator
- Emf of a cell
- Zinc Extraction
- Iron Extraction
- p-Block Elements: Group 15
- Electronic configuration of group 15 elements
- Occurrence of group 15 elements
- Oxidation state of group 15 elements
- Physical and chemical properties of Group 15 elements
- Nitrogen: Preparation, properties and uses
- Compounds of Nitrogen
- Ammonia and Nitric acid
- Oxides of nitrogen
- Phosphorous: allotropic forms, compounds of phosphorus
- Phosphine, halides PCl3, PCl5 and oxoacids
- p-Block Elements: Group 16
- Electronic configuration of Group 16 elements
- Oxidation states of Group 16 elements
- Methods of preparation of Phenols
- Nomenclature of Phenols
- Uses and Environmental Effects of Tetrachloromethane
- Uses and Environmental Effects of Iodoform-freons
- Uses and Environmental Effects of Trichloromethane
- Uses and Environmental Effects of Dichloromethane
- Methods of Preparation of Alcohols
- Nomenclature of Alcohols
- Uses and Environmental Effects of DDT
- Electrophilic substitution of phenols
- Nomenclature of Haloalkanes
- Physical and chemical properties of phenol
- Physical and chemical properties of primary alcohol
- Acidic nature of phenol
- Physical and chemical properties of Haloalkanes
- Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols
- Identification of Primary Alcohols
- Optical Rotation in haloalkanes
- Nature of C-X bond in Halogens
- Nomenclature of ethers
- Mechanism of Substitution reaction
- Uses of Alcohols (Methanol, and Ethanol)
- Mechanism of Dehydration of Alcohols
- Physical and chemical properties of ether
- Preparation of ethers
- Methods of Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Nature of Carbonyl Group
- Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Physical and Chemical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Nomenclature of Carboxylic acids
- Physical and Chemical Properties of Carboxylic acids
- Uses of Carboxylic Acids
- Reactivity of Alpha Hydrogen in Aldehydes
- Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Mechanism of Nucleophilic Addition
- Occurrence of Group 16 elements
- Physical and chemical properties of Group 16 elements