Iran - The Shia Islamic theocracy enforces strict religious laws, severely persecuting Baha'is, Sunni Muslims, and Christians while criminalizing apostasy and blasphemy.
Maldives - The constitution mandates Islam as the state religion, banning the public practice of other religions and punishing apostasy and proselytization with imprisonment.
Malaysia - Sunni Islam is the state religion, and the government enforces apostasy laws, restricts conversions from Islam, and limits the rights of non-Muslim religious minorities.
Mauritania - The government enforces strict Islamic law, including capital punishment for apostasy, and limits the religious freedom of non-Muslims and Islamic minorities.
Myanmar - Buddhist nationalism drives persecution, particularly against Rohingya Muslims, who face ethnic cleansing and severe restrictions on religious practices.
Azerbaijan - The state strictly regulates religion, limiting the activities of non-Muslim and non-Orthodox groups while monitoring religious publications and public gatherings.
Bahrain - The Sunni monarchy discriminates against the Shia majority, limiting their political and religious expression and tightly regulating public religious practices.
Sri Lanka - Buddhist nationalism fuels hostilities against Muslims and Christians, with the government accused of turning a blind eye to violence and discrimination.
Brunei - The government enforces Sharia law alongside civil law, restricting non-Muslim religious practices and imposing severe penalties for violations of Islamic law.
Uzbekistan - Religious activity is heavily controlled through strict registration laws. Unregistered groups face raids and arrests, with restrictions on religious literature and private worship.