d and f Block Elements General Introduction Transition metals are divided into two forms—transition metals and inner transition metals. They are classified based on their electron configurations. In the case of a transition metal, the highest occupied s sublevel where a nearby d sublevel contains electrons giving then another name – d block. Alternatively, in … Read more

The Fuel cells produce the electricity via the chemical reaction, but the condition is there’s no combustion. It does convert the Hydrogen plus the oxygen into the water, and during the process, it also creates the electricity. It refers to a device which there’s the conversion of electrochemical energy which produces water, electricity, and heat. … Read more

d and f Block Elements Metallic character Transition metals are capable to release e- into the pool of mobile electrons from both outer and inner shells. Strong metallic bonds are formed between the mobile pool and the delocalised +ve metal ions. High electrical and thermal conductivity High melting point Malleable – easily beaten into shape … Read more

d and f Block Elements Interstitial compounds Transition metals are capable of forming complex non-stoichiometry compounds. These are compounds with indefinite structure and proportions. For example, Fe0.94O has a structure that is mostly due to the variable valency of transition elements. Non-stoichiometry is a result of defects in the solid structures and variable oxidation state … Read more

d and f Block Elements Preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4 A complex ion is formed when a central ion is surrounded by molecules or ions which possess a lone pair of electrons. The relatively high charge and small size of the transition metal allow them to attract the ligand’s lone pair of electrons. … Read more

d and f Block Elements Lanthanides: Electronic configuration The third transition series (inner) or 4f series contains 15 elements from Lanthanum (La) to Hafnium (Hf) through Gold (Au)) with 5d subshell being filled with electrons. The lanthanides are soft metals similar to the first period and they can be easily cut with a knife. The … Read more

d and f Block Elements Oxidation states One of the most significant features of transition metals is the wide range of oxidation states (oxidation numbers) that the metals can show. Variable oxidation states are possible because the 4s and 3d sub-levels are very close in energy. It is relatively easy to lose electrons from either … Read more

It has been shown that the lanthanide elements are highly electropositive and form essentially ionic compounds. It is observed for these elements that +3 (i.e. formation of tripositive ions, Ln3+) is the principal or common oxidation state exhibited by all of them. This is said to be the most stable oxidation state of the lanthanides. … Read more

d and f Block Elements Ionic radii A great degree of variation is seen in the atomic radii across each transition series. The atomic radii of the d-block elements within a given series decrease with increase in the atomic number. This is due to the increase in the nuclear charge that attracts the electron cloud … Read more

d and f Block Elements Occurrence and characteristics of transition metals The transition elements have characteristic properties that are associated with all the metals having incomplete d sublevels. They collectively have variable oxidation states which means that they form complex ions with ligands, have coloured compounds, and display catalytic and magnetic properties. The d-block elements … Read more