Phloem tissue is responsible for the conduction of food materials from the leaves to the rest of the plant body. It is composed of four types of cells – sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma.   Sieve tubes It is composed of long narrow tubes called sieve tube elements, arranged in a … Read more

Complex tissue is composed of more than one type of cells (heterogeneous cells) working together as a single unit. In plants, xylem and phloem are the complex tissues, and they are the major components of the vascular bundles. Complex tissue is found in almost every part of the plant body as it is involved in … Read more

Permanent tissue is composed of cells that have lost the meristematic power and do not divide further. They may be living or dead cells, and thin-walled or thick-walled. Based on the composition of cells, permanent tissue is classified into two – Simple and Complex tissues. Simple permanent tissue Permanent tissue made of a single type … Read more

Anatomy refers to the study of internal structure and functional organization in living organisms. Cells are the basic building units, which are organized into tissues, organs and organ systems. In angiosperms, monocots and dicots have different internal structure. Tissue System in Plants A Tissue is a group of cells (of same or different type) having … Read more

Anatomy refers to the study of internal structure and functional organization in living organisms. Cells are the basic building units, which are organized into tissues, organs and organ systems. In angiosperms, monocots and dicots have different internal structure. Tissue System in Plants A Tissue is a group of cells (of same or different type) having … Read more

It is commonly called the potatao family. They are widely distributed in tropics, subtropics and temperate regions. Vegetative characters Habitat – Plants mostly herbs, shrubs and rarely small trees. Stem – Herbaceous, rarely Woody, Aerial; Erect, Cylindrical, Branched, Solid or Hollow, Hair or Glabrous, Underground stem in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Leaves – Leaves: alternate, simple, … Read more

Family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) It is the 3rd largest family in flowering plants. It was earlier called Papilionidae, a subfamily of family Leguminosae. They are distributed all over the world. Vegetative characters Habitat – Usually herbs or herbaceous climbers. Leaves – Alternate, pinnately compound, or simple.usually stipulate leaves with pulvinous base. Reticulate Venation. Root – The … Read more

  While describing an angiospermic plant, various morphological features are used. The description should be brief and scientific language or technical terms should be used. The description process begins first with the habitat, vegetative characters, floral characters, inflorescence and flower parts. The floral characters are described using Floral Formula and Floral diagram. Floral Formula The … Read more

The seed is the mature ovule developed after fertilization. It contains the embryo. Hence, the seed consists of two parts – embryo and a seed coat. The integuments of the ovule develop into the seed coat. In dicots, the seed coat is double layered, while in monocot seeds, it is fused with the fruit wall. … Read more

The fruit is the mature or ripened ovary of a plant. Fruits enclose the seeds. The branch of horticulture that deals with the study of fruits and fruit cultivations is known as pomology. Fruit is developed from a fertilized ovary. If the fruits are developed without fertilization, it is called a parthenocarpic fruit, and the … Read more