Lens maker’s formula is used by the lens manufacturers, for manufacturing of the lenses having the desired focal length. For different optical instruments, lenses having different focal lengths are used. The focal length of the lens is dependent on the radii of curvature and the refractive index of the lens. The lens maker’s equation is … Read more

If a piece of transparent material or glass is given an appropriate shape, and if it is made possible that the parallel incident rays can either converge to a point, or they can diverge from the point. The piece of glass that is having such properties and shape is known as the lens. Merely, a … Read more

Optical fiber is a device that is working on the principle of total internal reflection and is used for transmission of signals, with negligible loss of energy. The optical fiber consists of a thin fiber of glass, silica, or plastic, having a high refractive index known as the core. The diameter of the core is … Read more

Refraction is a bending of the wave when it is entering the medium where the speed is different. The refraction of light when it is passing from the faster medium to a slower medium, bends the light ray towards the normal, to the boundary between these two media. The amount of bending is dependent on … Read more

Let consider the light at a spherical surface, and assume a traveling from the region of smaller refractive index to the region of higher refractive index, so that there is no possibility of total internal reflection. Consider a convex and circular body, having the center of curvature O and radius R, placed between two different … Read more

The magnets which do not lose their magnetic field are known as permanent magnets. The good permanent magnets have a high magnetic field and low mass. They are highly stable against demagnetizing influences. Magnetism is an important aspect of the electromagnetic force that is a fundamental force in the physical universe. A permanent magnet is … Read more

An electromagnetic force is stated to be induced when the flux linking with a conductor or change of coil. These changes can be seen in two different way namely statically or dynamically induced EMF. Statically induced EMF is generating by keeping the coil and magnetic field system and both of them are stable at the … Read more

Current Loop as AMagnetic Dipole and its Magnetic Dipole Moment Magnetic Dipole When two opposing and equal magnetic poles are separated by a small distance then it is said to be magnetic dipole. Whereas the magnetic dipole moment of the magnetic dipole can be defined as strength as the pole and magnetic length, the magnetic … Read more

Lenz’s law simply stated that the direction of the current running in the conductor by changing its magnetic field such that the magnetic field created bythe induced current which opposes the initial changing the magnetic field which is produced by it. Lenz’s law is mainly based on Faraday’s law of induction as Faraday’s law states … Read more

Faraday’s law This is a basic law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field can interact to an electric circuit which can produce electromotive field derived as EMF and this phenomena is called electromagnetic induction and briefly this law can be named a Faraday’s law of induction. Many types of electrical motors such as transformers, … Read more