Fermentative activity of microbes is utilized industrially to get a number of products. The two common ones are alcoholic fermentation and antibiotics. Methodology: For any new industrial utilization of a microorganism activity, the technology passes through 3 stages—laboratory scale, pilot plant scale and producing unit. Formation from laboratory scale to producing unit is named … Read more
While microbes are causal agents of most of the infectious diseases, they have also been in use by humans and nature in many important processes in homes, industries, agricultures and sewage treatment. Rather, microbes become part of many useful articles used by early humans like fermented honey (alcoholic drink mead), wines, bread, curd, cheese, … Read more
While microbes are causal agents of most of the infectious diseases, they have also been in use by humans and nature in many important processes in homes, industries, agricultures and sewage treatment. Rather, microbes become part of many useful articles used by early humans like fermented honey (alcoholic drink mead), wines, bread, curd, cheese, … Read more
Now a days Energy needs around the world are rising at a pace yet unmatched by sustainable energy sources. Natural resources like oil will soon become scarce. Thus, all types of ideas and inventions for developing greener and a lot of economical strategies of energy generation are progressively being hailed across the world. One … Read more
Surface Chemistry: Homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis Activity and Selectivity Activity is the ability of the catalyst to accelerate a chemical reaction. The degree can be as high as 100 times in certain reactions. A catalytic cycle processes in which the reactant and catalyst undergo several transformations before making the products. A catalyst should regenerate after … Read more
Surface Chemistry: Catalysis According to the collision theory, particles need to have at least a minimum amount of activation energy to initiate the reaction. Catalysis is a process in which a catalyst is used to reduce the activation energy of a reaction by changing the path of the reactants. It is the manifestation, study, and … Read more
Surface Chemistry: Factors affecting the adsorption Nature and surface area of the adsorbent: Activation of adsorbent is necessary to provide vacant sites on its surface for the adsorbate to bind. The solid crystals need to be broken down to form small particles or powdery form to increase in surface area for binding. Most of the … Read more
Surface Chemistry: Adsorption Chemisorption Chemical adsorption or chemisorption results from a chemical interaction between the adsorbate and adsorbent. Therefore, formed a bond (covalent, ionic, metallic) with bond energy more than 10 kcal/mol is much stronger than that for physical adsorption. The heat liberated during chemisorption is in the range of 50-500 kJ/mol. The enthalpy of … Read more
Surface Chemistry: Adsorption Physisorption Surface Science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases such as solid-liquid interfaces. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon in comparison to absorption, which is a bulk phenomenon. A molecule present in the interior of solid (or liquid) is pulled by other molecules … Read more
Chemical Kinetics: Arrhenius Equation The Arrhenius equation is generally used to show the effect of a change of temperature on the rate constant and therefore on the rate of the reaction. If the rate constant doubles, for example, so will the rate of the reaction. An increase in temperature creates an increase in the KE … Read more