Voids A Crystalline Solid is characterized by the close packing and space lattices of their atoms. Nevertheless, there are some gaps present in between the structures in the arrangement of crystalline solids which are called “Voids”. Literally, void means the gap in between constituent particles. A ‘void’ is also defined as the empty space or … Read more

As per our knowledge, component particles including ion, molecule, or atom are arranged in unit cells having different patterns. It doesn’t matter in what manner particles are arranged in a lattice, so, there’s always a little space left vacant inside which are also known as “Voids”. Quantitative characteristic of solid state can be achieved with … Read more

  Packing in solids can illustrate the crystalline solid structures. When comes the crystal structure, the centers of ions, molecules, atoms are located on the lattice points. Atoms are presumed to be spherical to describe the structures and bonding of metallic crystals. The sphere’s arrangement in closed-packed structures are packed densely so as to undertake … Read more

  Definition of Unit Cell Atom’s smallest group in which there’s complete crystal symmetry, and from which whole of the lattice can be formed in 3 dimensions by the repetition process is defined as the Unit Cell. A repeating and regular pattern is displayed by Crystalline Solids of constituent particles.   What is a Lattice? … Read more

A regular 3-D arrangement of ions or atoms or molecules in the crystal is generally described in the context of a unit cell and the space lattice. To understand these two terms, let’s take 2-D patterns Crystalline solids’ geometric arrangement belonging to constituent particles in the form of a point in space is called crystal … Read more

Ionic Equilibrium: Common ion effect Common ion effect occurs when a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base/conjugate acid are both present in a solution. It is a special case of the LeChatelier principle. When a common ion is added to a weak acid/base, is equivalent to adding stress to the system. … Read more

Ionic Equilibrium: Solubility product The equilibrium between solids and ions is not the same as the equilibrium between gases. The equilibrium between solids and ions can be considered as a “phase” equilibrium (e.g. NaCl(aq)). Partially soluble salts form a dynamic equilibrium with the hydrated cations and anions in solution. For instance, the initial point when … Read more

Ionic Equilibrium: Buffer solution Buffers are the solutions that withstand small changes in pH. Buffers can work only when small amounts of acid or alkali are added to them. They contain relatively large amounts of the weak acids (HA) and their conjugate base (A־), (or weak bases and their conjugate acids). Buffers can be prepared … Read more

Ionic Equilibrium: Hydrolysis of salts Salts are electrolytes that are produced when an acid reacts with a base. Because of the dissociation, the ions involved can cause water molecules to dissociate. This process of the dissociation of water molecules into hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH–) is called Hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is a term applied to reactions … Read more

Ionic Equilibrium: Henderson-Hasselbach Equation The shape that weak acid takes in the titration curve when reacted with a weak base can be predicted using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. The Henderson Hasselbalch equation comes from solving a generic acid problem where both an acid and its conjugate base are present. You can use this equation to solve … Read more