Avogadro’s law states that under the same temperature and pressure conditions, there’ll be equal volumes of different gases containing an equal number of molecules. This empirical relationship or known as the phenomenological relationship can be derived from a kinetic energy concept of gases under the ideal gas assumption. The law is almost valid for actual/real … Read more

Gases could be relatively difficult to transfer. For such purposes their conversion to the liquid state is quite essential. Getting through the liquefaction of gases will also let you know much more about the characteristics of the state of matter.   What is Liquefaction? Liquefaction is the process under which an element is converted from … Read more

Heavy Water Heavy water is chemically called deuterium oxide. Heavy water was discovered by Urey in 1932 and showed that water contains a small amount of by prolonged electrolysis of water and fractional distillation we can prepare heavy water. In electrolysis is liberated much faster than and thus remaining water becomes enriched with heavy water, … Read more

  Naturally, there are three isotopes of hydrogen and which are denoted as 1H protium, 2H deuterium, and 3H tritium. Other isotopes have been synthesized in the laboratory ranging from 4H to the 7H and they are highly unstable and are not observed in nature. Protium 1H Among the naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen 1H … Read more

  In our universe hydrogen is the most abundant element. The Sun and stars have a larger proportion of hydrogen in their composition. According to the estimate of the astronomers, there are 90   Hydrogen is Most Abundant Element in Universe Other than any other element, hydrogen is a component of the many compounds in … Read more

  Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table and is the smallest among all elements present on the table. Its atomic number is 1 which indicates that it has only one electron that is orbiting in its valance shell. It has one shell only and is the lightest element present on the periodic … Read more

  Oxidation and Reduction (Redox) reactions and basically used for transforming matter from one form to another. These reactions find extensive use in pharmaceutical, biological, metallurgical and agricultural and many more areas. From burning of different types of fuels to obtaining energy for domestic, to the formation of rust, everything falls within the purview of … Read more

  Albert Einstein in 1905 developed a theory which stated that the light has dual nature. Light acts as a particle and a wave. Quantum of the energy is associated with each particle and it is called a photon. This energy of the photon can be expressed by using Planck’s equation. The hypothesis presented by … Read more

  In Chemistry, the term “orbital” refers to a function which describes the behavioral pattern of electrons in an atom or atomic nucleus. The term is coined out of the root word ‘orbit’ which describes a circle or something circular. However, in chemistry, the probability of the location of an electron may be dumbbell-shaped, spherical … Read more

  The discovery of isobars was a surprise for many scientists. Generally, more or less it was assumed that due to Coulombs interaction the term of isobaric in the nuclei was a meaningless concept. This is the reason that the discovery of isobars was delayed. Originally isobars were called as the isobares and later this … Read more