Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue found in an animal body. They have large amount of extracellular materials called the matrix. The cells are widely separated. They are termed connective tissue because their main function is to link and support all other tissues in the body. Connective tissue includes cartilage, bones, adipose tissue, blood … Read more
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Glandular Epithelium Glands are secretory structures formed by secretory epithelium. Some columnar or cuboidal epithelium gets specialized for secretion and is called glandular cells. They are of 2 types. Unicellular Glands: It consists of small isolated patches of secretory epithelium scattered in the inner lining. (E.g. Goblet cells in the intestinal mucosa.) Muticellular glands: It … Read more
All complex animals consist of only four types of cells. These cell types vary in structure according to their function. The basic classification of animal tissues is as follows: EPITHELIAL TISSUE Cells of epithelial tissue form a layer on free surfaces which either faces a body fluid or faces the external environment. Hence, it either … Read more
Secondary growth in thickness of root is due to the addition of new tissues by the activity of vascular cambium and cork cambium. Monocot roots do not show secondary growth. Dicot roots have radial and exarch vascular bundles. Conjunctive tissue is present between xylem and phloem. Activity of Cambium The conjunctive tissue becomes meristematic and … Read more
Due to continuous increase in the girth of the stem due to the activity of vascular cambium, great pressure is exerted on the outer cortex and epidermis. The epidermis will eventually get ruptured and hence new protective cell layers should be formed. This new layer is formed by the activity of another meristematic tissue called … Read more
Growth in length of the axis due to the activity of apical meristem is called primary growth. The increase in girth or thickness of the axis is called secondary growth. It is formed by the activity of the two lateral meristems, namely Vascular cambium and the Cork cambium. Vascular Cambium Dicot stems usually have open … Read more
Monocotyledonous leaf (Isobilateral / Equifacial Leaf) In monocot leaves, the internal structure of both upper and lower leaf surfaces look similar. Epidermis The epidermis is composed of barrel shaped parenchyma cells. It bears cuticle and epidermal hairs. In grasses, the epidermal cells are impregnated with silica. In these plants, some cells are modified into large, … Read more
Dicotyledonous Leaf (Dorsi-ventral leaf) A thin cross section of dicot leaf shows three main parts, namely epidermis, mesophyll and vascular system. Epidermis Epidermis covers the entire surface of a leaf. It is covered by a thick layer of cuticle. It is single layered and composed of closely packed cells. In some plants like Ficus, the … Read more