p-Block Elements: Group 17 (Electronic configuration) Electron structure of the halogens     Fig 1: Arrangement of electrons in the first three elements of the halogen family. Table 1: Electronic configuration of group 17 elements. All halogens have seven electrons in their outermost shell comprising completely filled s orbital and p orbital with 5 electrons. … Read more

p-Block Elements: Group 17 General Introduction The elements of group 17 are a part of the halogen family. The family name means “salt-forming. They were given the name from the Greek roots Hal- (“salt”) and –gen (“to produce”) because they all produce sodium salts of similar properties. Halogens are very reactive non-metallic elements and most … Read more

p-Block Elements: Group 16 Oxoacids of sulphur Sulphur oxoacids are compounds that comprise of Sulphur, hydrogen and oxygen. Sulphur forms a number of oxoacids such as H2SO2, H2SO3, H2S2O3, H2S2O4,H2S2O5, H2SxO6 (x = 1 to 5), H2SO4, H2S2O7, H2SO5, H2S2O8. Multi oxide acids are unstable and cannot be isolated. They are produced in a ratio … Read more

p-Block Elements: Group 16 The industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses Sulphuric acid is one of the oldest and most important industrial chemicals worldwide. Sulphuric acid is manufactured at industrial scale by Contact Process. It involves three steps: 1) Combustion of liquid sulphur or sulphide ores in the air to generate SO2. At first, … Read more

p-Block Elements: Group 16 Preparation properties and uses of sulphur-dioxide and sulphuric acid Sulphur dioxide SO2is a colourless gas with a pungent smell which is highly soluble in water. The molecule of SO2 is angular with a resonance hybrid of the two canonical forms: It acts as a Lewis base due to the presence of … Read more

p-Block Elements: Group 16 Compounds of Sulphur Chemical formula Name Oxidation state S2-, H2S Sulphide -2 S8 Sulphur 0 SCl2, S2O32- Sulphur chloride and oxide +2 SO2, SO32-, H2SO3 Sulphite +4 SO3, SO42-, H2SO4 Sulphate +6 Sulphides, S2-: Hydrogen sulphide, H2S: It is a colourless acidic gas found in vapours from a volcano and formed … Read more

p-Block Elements: Group 16 Classification of oxides, ozone and sulphur – allotropic forms An oxide is defined as a binary compound of oxygen which combines with another element in an ionic, covalent or dative bond. Oxygen is highly electronegative, and it reacts with most of the elements to form oxides. Oxides can be defined as … Read more

p-Block Elements: Group 16 Dioxygen − preparation, properties and uses Preparation: In the laboratory, dioxygen is prepared in the following ways: (i) By heating salts such as chlorates, nitrates and permanganates. The most efficient technique for producing oxygen in the laboratory uses the catalytic decay of potassium chlorate in the solid form where manganese dioxide … Read more

p-Block Elements: Group 16 Trends in physical and chemical properties In group 16 there are two non-metals: Oxygen and Sulphur, Two metalloids: selenium and tellurium and two radioactive metals: polonium and livermorium. All of these elements exhibit allotropy. The melting and boiling points of the elements increase with an increase in atomic number down the … Read more

p-Block Elements: Group 16 Occurrence Elements in group 16 tend to bind with other metals to form common ores in the earth’s crust. Molecular oxygen is a gas at room temperature and 1 atm. It is colourless, odourless, and tasteless. It is also the most abundant element by mass inthe Earth’s crust and the human … Read more