The ethers are compound with alkoxy groups. The ether groups are of R-O-R’ type, where the R and R’ are alkyl group with an oxygen atom in the middle. The alkyl groups could be the same or different. They nomenclature of others doesn’t follow some rule as such. In accordance with different alkyl groups attached … Read more

The ethers are group with R-O-R type of groups. In which the R may be alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers as such due to attached alkyl and aryl groups have a high density of electron. As a result, the ethers behave as electron donating groups. Also, due to these reasons the ethers readily react with … Read more

Dehydration of alcohol causes the production of alkenes. It happens by the process in which alcohol undergoes the E1 and E2 mechanisms and to make double bond and to lose the water. Mainly this reaction produces the alkenes and this process is proceeded in the presence of strong acid, by heating the alcohols. For this … Read more

Alcohols have various uses in our daily lives, and in this article, some uses of ethanol and methanol will be discussed.   Uses of Methanol Mainly methanol is used in organic synthesis as a solvent, antifreeze, and as fuel. It has toxic properties and it is frequently used as a denaturant additive for the manufactured … Read more

SN1 and SN2 Reactions are used to covert Haloalkanes into alcohols using hydroxide ion in aqueous media. Alcohols can be prepared by substitution of haloalkanes and sulfonic esters with good leaving groups. It is important to choose the right reagents and reaction conditions for the hydrolysis. This is because competitive elimination reactions are possible especially at … Read more

  Introduction to ethers Ethers are compounds containing the ether group in them. The ether group is R-O-R’ type of the compound. In which the R and R’ are alkyl groups. The alkyl group might be similar or not in accordance top the type of ether. Due to the presence of alkyl groups the electron … Read more

Halogens are more electronegative as compared to carbon. Because of this halogen atoms have a greater tendency than carbon atoms to attract electron density. This makes the very nature of C-X bonds between halogen and carbon polar in nature; the carbon atom bears a partial positive charge whereas the halogen atom bears a partial negative charge. Nature … Read more

Optical Rotation The plane polarised light which is produced by passing ordinary light through Nicol prism is rotated by certain compounds when it is passed through their solutions. Such compounds are known as optically active compounds. The polarimeter is used to measure the angle by which the plane polarised light is rotated. It is called … Read more

In the primary alcohol, the carbon atom on which the hydroxyl group is attached should be directly attached to the one carbon atom. Primary alcohols contain a group of CH2OH. Usually, this group is located at the end of the carbon chain. For the identification of primary alcohol, a look is enough on the branching … Read more

The classification of the alcohols into primary, secondary, and tertiary is done according to the position of carbon atom on which an alkyl group is attached to the hydroxyl group. Generally, these alcohols are categorized due to the presence of bent shaped hydroxyl group. For the determination of alcohols that whether it is secondary or … Read more