The liquid state of the substance consists of a certain volume, but it has no well-defined shape and unlike the solid state, it takes the container’s shape. Contrary to the gaseous state, the liquid doesn’t occupy the complete volume of the container if in case its volume is greater than liquid’s volume. Placed at … Read more

  Vapor pressure is the pressure applied by the vapor when a vapor is in “equilibrium state” with solid or liquid form, or both, of the identical substance – that is when conditions are like this that the substance can be present in both or exist in all three phases. Vapor Pressure refers to the … Read more

Surface tension refers to a physical property which is equal to the amount of force per unit area required to expand liquid’s surface. Surface tension is the tendency of the liquid surface which occupies the least possible surface area. Surface tension is defined as the major factor in capillary action. Surfactants are defined as the … Read more

Viscosity is defined as the resistance to the flow of liquid. Usually, for liquids, the greater is the IMF (intermolecular forces), the higher is the viscosity. The molecules’ shape and temperature are two of the prime factors which affect viscosity. High temperature has a close similarity with the high average kinetic energy and with quickly … Read more

  The well-known relationships like Boyle’s law, Avogadro’s law, Charles’s law, they all can be mixed into an extremely useful formula called ideal gas equation, which is given by PV = nRT. Or, PV = nRT, known as an ideal gas equation, is used for the calculation of temperature, pressure, or volume, or no. of … Read more

  Group 1: The elements belonging to group 1 are called alkali metals. They constitute the six elements namely, lithium(Li), sodium(Na), potassium(K), rubidium(Rb), cesium(Cs) and francium(Fr). These elements are called alkali metals because they readily dissolve in water to form hydroxides which are strongly alkaline in nature. They also from alkaline oxides. The element, francium … Read more

  Group 1: The elements belonging to group 1 are called alkali metals. They constitute the six elements namely, lithium(Li), sodium(Na), potassium(K), rubidium(Rb), cesium(Cs) and francium(Fr). These elements are called alkali metals because they readily dissolve in water to form hydroxides which are strongly alkaline in nature. They also from alkaline oxides. The element, francium … Read more

  Reaction of Group I Elements with Oxygen Group I consist of alkali metals and these are very reactive. They rapidly react with oxygen so they should be stored out of contact with oxygen to prevent the oxidation process. By moving down the group reactivity is increased. The less reactive metals such as sodium potassium … Read more

  Chemical Reaction of Group I Elements with Water All the metals in group I are much reactive and they vigorously react with water even with the cold one. Their reaction with water gives a solution of metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. By moving down the group the reactivity of alkali metals with water is … Read more

  Sodium hydroxide is also known as caustic soda. Its chemical formula is NaOH. Preparation of sodium hydroxide: Sodium hydroxide is manufactured by the electrolysis of a saturated solution of sodium chloride in the following type of cells. Mercury cathode cell or Castner Kellner cell: this cell consists of a rectangular iron tank in which … Read more