An atom has an equal number of protons and electrons which means that it is electrically neutral. However, in a chemical reaction, atoms tend to either gain or lose electrons forming an ion. An ion can be defined as an atom with either a positive or a negative charge. The ionic radius is the effective … Read more

Periodic trends are the repetition of similar atomic properties after regular intervals and they are caused by elements with similar electronic configuration aligning in the same group or period. Atomic properties constitute the physical characteristics of an atom. These properties include atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, electron affinity, valance etc. The atomic radius … Read more

Polar Covalent Bond A covalent bond between the different atoms has the possibility of acquiring the ionic characters that can be described on the basis of electronegativity concept. Electronegativity of the element is illustrated as the power of its atoms for attracting “d” pair of electrons or bonding towards itself.   Polar Character of covalent … Read more

The present form of the periodic table The present song of periodic table is based on the electronic configuration of the element and it’s also called the long form of the periodic table. It contains 18 vertical columns called groups and 7 horizontal rows called periods. Elements in a group have gradation and their properties … Read more

  Humans cannot survive without chemistry. Chemistry is all about the study of matter (anything that has mass and occupies space) and its particles interaction. It is often considered as a boring subject but topics like fireworks and explosion come under it which makes it interesting. To study chemistry you need to have some knowledge … Read more

  Dalton’s theory was presented by the John Dalton who was an English Chemist and had Quaker background. He is well-known due to his atomic theory. His fascination with atmosphere and weather led his research interest into nature of gasses which became foundation of atomic theory. This theory has proposed that all of the matter … Read more

Mole concept is a method to express amount of substance. It is widely used when dealing with particles at atomic or molecular level. Its symbol is written as mol. It is defined as the amount of substance that contains exactly 6.02214076×1023 particles of a given substance. To understand the concept let’s take an example of the reaction … Read more

The laws of chemical combination serve as basic foundation for deciding different ways in which atoms and molecules can combine and react with each other in any chemical reaction. These laws describe the basic principles which are obeyed by the interaction of atoms and molecules. These interactions can occur in many ways and in different … Read more

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together and are tightly held together by attractive force. It is the smallest particle in an element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound. We can say that group of atoms constitute molecule. An atom is also subdivided into smaller … Read more

  Stoichiometry is important section of chemistry which expresses the relationship between reactants and products in any chemical reaction which in turn is used for determination of quantitative data. It deals with quantitative calculations based on chemical equation and chemical formulas. Stoichiometry is derived from the Greek word stoikhein which means element and metron that is … Read more