Wave Optics: WaveFront and Huygens’s Principle, Reflection and Refraction of Plane Wave at APlane Surface Using Wave Fronts According to the Huygens’s principle, all points on a wavefront can be regarded as sources of secondary wavelets that are spherical in nature, and their direction of spreading is forward, just like the speed of light. The … Read more

Microscopes and Astronomical Telescopes (Reflecting and Refracting) and their Magnifying Powers The telescope is an optical instrument that is having two optical elements, an eyepiece, and an object. Each of the optical telescopes will be in one of the categories of reflecting or refracting. This classification is based on the method, that is used for … Read more

The prism is glass or any transparent material in the prism form that is triangular with the refracting surfaces at the acute angle, with one another and causes the separation of light into a spectrum of colors. Refraction Through Prism The light rays suffer two refractions when they are passing through the prism, and they … Read more

Scattering of the Light – Blue Color of the Sky and Reddish Appearance of the Sun at Sunrise and Sunset When the energy waves such as sound light or the electromagnetic waves are made to depart from the straight path due to imperfections, or irregularities in the medium, then it is known as scattering. Scattering … Read more

Magnification, Power of ALens, Combination of Thin Lenses in Contact Combination of ALens and AMirror Magnification of the lenses is defined as the ratio of the height of the image to the ratio of the height of the object. It can also be defined in terms of distance of image and object. Power of Lens … Read more

Polarization, Plane PolarizedLight Brewster’s Law, Uses of Plane PolarizedLight and Polaroids Polarizing is the transformation of unpolarized light to the polarized light. In the unpolarized light, the particles are vibrating in the different planes. The unpolarized light can be polarized by the use of polaroid, scattering and refraction and reflection. The scattered light that is … Read more

The resolving power can be defined as the inverse of angular separation or distance, between the objects, and that can be resolved when viewing through the optical instrument. In the sky, some of the binary stars appear as one star, when they are viewed by the naked eye, but by using the optical instruments, their … Read more

A generator is mechanical equipment whose main work is to convert the mechanical form of energy into electrical energy and it also finds application in agriculture and industrial production and somehow production of a generator is highly based on the law of electromagnetic force. On the contrary, the transformer is passive to pass electricity between … Read more

When direct current is considered the voltage and current are constant and there is no problem in specifying their magnitude but when an alternating current is considered both alternating voltage and current varies from instant to instant and that possess problem how to specify the magnitude of the voltage and current. Voltage and current can … Read more

Power of AC circuit is a two-phase electric current which is mainly used in big industries which includes heavy machinery. The power of the three-phase AC circuit is three times powerful than the single-phase circuit. It is stated that electric power which is consumed by resistance in an AC circuit is different from the power … Read more