It is crucial to tell apart revenue expenses and cost to arrange correct money statements.
The absence of these will lead to misleading results where no one can conclude anything.
As per this principle, revenue items should be posted in the Trading and Profit & Loss Account and the capital item should be posted in the balance sheet of any firm.
The guiding principles for creating a distinction between cost and revenue expenses −
Capital Expenditure
Consider the subsequent points to choose the character of cost −
- The expenditure, the benefit of which cannot be used in the same accounting period should be treated as capital expenditure.
- Capital addition to any fastened assets that will increase the life or potency of these assets; for instance, additional expenses made on a building.
Revenue Expenditure
The good thing about that is consumed within the same accounting year during which those are incurred comes beneath the class of revenue expenditure.
Following are a few examples of revenue expenditure −
- Purchases
- Wages
- Freight inward & outward
- Salary and wages
- Selling and distribution expenditure
- Depreciation
- Assets purchased for resale purpose
- Loss on sale of fixed assets
How to Allocate Revenue or Capital?
An item may be classified and allotted as revenue or capital on the idea of principles mentioned higher than. Allocation needs correct care and a focus otherwise there’ll be deceptive money results.
Complete scenarios and facts are necessary before any allocation. Treating revenue expense as the cost can increase profit and treating the cost as revenue expense can scale back the profit.
Treatment for same nature of expenses may be totally {different|completely different} at 2 different purposes of time; for instance, inward freight, insurance, wages, and brokerage are of revenue nature in the ordinary course of business however a similar ar treated as cost once they are incurred to get or development of any assets.
Capital and Revenue Profit
The premium received on issue of shares and profit on the sale of fastened assets is the main example of capital profit and will not be treated as revenue profit. Capital profit ought to be transferred to capital stockpile that is employed to line off capital losses in the future if any.
Capital and Revenue Receipts
Sale of fastened assets, capital employed or invested and loans are an example of capital receipts.
On the opposite hand, the sale of stock, commission received and interest on investment received are examples of revenue receipts. Revenue receipts are attributable to profit and loss account and on the opposite hand, capital receipts can have an effect on the Balance-sheet.
Auditor’s Duty regarding Capital and Revenue Receipts
Knowledge regarding the character of the business is incredibly necessary for an associate Auditor to choose the character of the transaction; for instance, the purchase of a motor vehicle is a revenue expenditure for a motor car dealer whereas, it is a capital expenditure for any other businessman.
- The Auditor ought to study and verify the whole dealings by getting relevant knowledge and documents with reference to dealings.
- He could discuss any uncertain or polemic purpose with an involved official of a corporation before planning to any conclusion.
- The Auditor ought to observe the classification of transactions in step with correct accounting principles.
- Discount on issue of shares and losses on the sale of fastened assets ar financial loss and solely would go away against capital profits solely.
- Revenue losses on traditional commercial activity ar a part of the profit and loss account.
