Covalent bond

The covalent bond, also known as the molecular bond is the interatomic linkage which is the outcome from electron pair sharing between the two atoms. Or simply you can say that it refers to the chemical bond which includes electron pair sharing between atoms. The sharing of these electron pairs is called the bonding pairs, … Read more

Ionic bond

  Ionic Bond is also known as Electrovalent Bond. It’s a kind of linkage composed with the help of electrostatic attraction in between charged ions that are opposite in nature, relating to a chemical compound.   Such bond is formed when outer shell electrons or valence electrons of a single atom are permanently transferred to … Read more

Density of Unit Cell

  Definition of Unit Cell The smallest group of atoms which has the overall symmetry of a crystal, and from which the entire lattice can be built up by repetition in three dimensions is termed as Unit Cell. Crystalline solids exhibit a regular and repeating pattern of constituent particles. The diagrammatic representation of the three dimensional arrangement … Read more

Basic Concepts of Chemistry

General Introduction: Chemistry is the science of molecules and their transformations. It is the science not so much of the one hundred elements but of the infinite variety of molecules that may be built from them.   ~Roald Hoffmann Chemistry is the study of matter and the ways in which different forms of matter combine … Read more

Unit Cell And Space Lattices

The smallest group of atoms or molecules, whose repetition at regular intervals in three dimensions produces a crystal, is called as a Unit cell. Hence, a unit cell is the smallest portion of a crystal lattice which, when repeated in different directions, generates the entire lattice. Each unit cell is defined in terms of lattice points – the … Read more

Nature of Matter

We are all familiar with the matter. The definition of Matter is anything that has mass and volume (takes up space). For most common objects that we deal with every day, it is fairly simple to demonstrate that they have mass and takes up space. Everything that is around us including the pen, book, pencil, buildings, … Read more

MAX Function in SQLite

SQLite MAX Function To fetch the lowest value from an expression, the SQLite MAX function is used. Syntax 1: SELECT MAX(aggregate_expression) FROM tables WHERE conditions; Syntax 2: With GROUP BY clause SELECT expression1, expression2, … expression_n MAX(aggregate_expression) FROM tables WHERE conditions GROUP BY expressions; Example 1: TEACHERS Table: ID NAME SALARY SUBJECT 1 Jim 10000 … Read more

MIN() Function in SQLite

SQLite MIN Function To fetch the lowest value from an expression, the SQLite MIN function is used. Syntax 1: SELECT MIN(aggregate_expression) FROM tables WHERE conditions; Syntax 2: With GROUP BY clause SELECT expression1, expression2, … expression_n MIN(aggregate_expression) FROM tables WHERE conditions GROUP BY expressions; Example 1: TEACHERS Table: ID NAME SALARY SUBJECT 1 Jim 10000 … Read more

Aggregate Functions in SQLite

SQLite Aggregate Functions SQLite Aggregate functions are used to perform certain calculations on a numeric value, a string or the multiple rows of an SQLite table. Some of the SQLite Aggregate functions are:   FUNCTION USES MIN To select the lowest (minimum) value for a certain column. MAX To select the highest (maximum) value for … Read more

Time() Function in SQLite

SQLite Time Function To get a time value, the SQLite time function is used. It returns a time value in ‘HH-MM-SS’ format. Syntax: time( time_string, [ modifier1, modifier2, … modifier_n ] ) Time_string: TIMESTRING USES now To get the current date. YYYY-MM-DD To specify the date value formatted as ‘YYYY-MM-DD’. YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM To specify the … Read more